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Process Data set: Walraven Bifix® 300 Clamp Stainless M8 25-28mm (en) en

Key Data Set Information
Location GLO
Geographical representativeness description Czech Republic
Reference year 2025
Name
Walraven Bifix® 300 Clamp Stainless M8 25-28mm
Technical purpose of product or process Product Description The Walraven Bifix® 300 Clamp Stainless M8 (25–28 mm) is a high-quality, corrosion-resistant two-screw pipe clamp manufactured from AISI 316L (1.4404) stainless steel. Designed for reliable mechanical support, it provides excellent durability in indoor and semi-sheltered environments. The clamp is lightweight, pre-assembled, and suitable for small- to medium-diameter pipe installations. Manufacturing Location The clamp is produced at Walraven’s certified manufacturing facility in the Horka, Czech Republic, adhering to strict environmental and quality management standards. Manufacturing Process Overview The clamp body is formed from high-grade stainless steel AISI 316L (1.4404), ensuring inherent corrosion resistance and mechanical strength. Assembly involves a quick-locking system with stainless steel screws. No additional coatings are required due to the material’s durability. The clamp is delivered fully assembled, facilitating fast and safe on-site installation. Electricity usage references: Reference: 0569-pro & Elektriciteit, Nederlandse mix, bij consument, per kWh (73% grijs, 27% hernieuwbaar), Database: Ecoinvent v3.6 (Cut-off, NMD), GWP : 0.389 kg CO2eq/kWh Reference: market for electricity, low voltage | electricity, low voltage | Czech Republic, Database: Ecoinvent v3.6 (Cut-off, NMD), GWP : 0.936 kg CO2-eq/kWh Environmental Performance The product demonstrates excellent corrosion resistance, with optimized stainless steel use for material efficiency. The life cycle modeling was conducted using Ecochain Helix software and Ecoinvent v3.6 data. The clamp has a long reference service life of 50 years and is free of substances of very high concern (SVHCs). Installation and Use Phase The pre-assembled design enables rapid installation, making it suitable for various mechanical and utility pipe support applications. The product is VOC-free and safe for use in clean indoor environments. The necessary internal transport of Czech Republic to Netherlands has been accounted in the production process of A1-A3. End-of-Life Considerations At the end of its service life, the clamp can be manually disassembled, and all stainless steel components are recyclable. Module D benefits are accounted for, including positive environmental credits from stainless steel recycling. Packaging and Transport The clamp is packaged in recyclable, eco-friendly cardboard and transported using Euro 5/6 standard trucks. Packaging is designed for low-volume storage and stacking efficiency. The product meets EN 15804 + A2 and ISO 14025 standards for environmental product declarations. The stainless steel material ensures long-term durability and corrosion resistance, with a reference service life of up to 50 years in indoor or semi-sheltered installations.
General comment on data set Stainless steel two-screw clamp with quick locking system, made from high grade AISI 316L (1.4404). Ideal for secure and corrosion resistant pipe fastening.Scope and type: This study involves conducting a comprehensive Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) for the Walraven Clamps, aiming to analyze all life cycle phases from Cradle to Grave (A1–D) using the best available data. The assessment follows the full scope of LCA, meaning the product is evaluated not as a standalone item, but as part of a broader system aggregated with other materials and processed into other products. Consequently, the clamp becomes an integral component of a Declared Unit. The LCA is performed using the Ecochain Helix software, leveraging background data from authoritative sources such as the Dutch Nationale Milieu Database v3.8 (based on Ecoinvent 3.6) and adhering to the NMD Bepalingsmethode 1.2 (2025) standard. This rigorous methodology ensures a detailed and transparent examination of the environmental impact of the Walraven Clamps across their entire life cycle from the extraction of raw materials (Cradle) through production, installation, and use, to final disposal or recycling (Grave). The system boundary includes all relevant stages, up to and including Module D (benefits and loads beyond the system boundary). It excludes operational energy use (B6) and water consumption (B7) during the use phase. The environmental impact is declared per one piece of Walraven Clamp, inclusive of ancillary materials, installation, internal transport, and waste processing. The reference service life is assumed to be 50 years, based on internal product owner data and supported by the European Technical Assessment (ETA) for Walraven Clamps, which confirms a minimum working life of 50 years under appropriate usage and maintenance conditions. All significant inputs and outputs such as emissions, energy consumption, and material flows are accounted for. Materials representing less than 1% of the product's total weight may be excluded unless they are expected to contribute more than 5% to any environmental impact category. The cumulative environmental impact of excluded materials shall not exceed 5% for any given category. This comprehensive approach ensures a scientifically sound and holistic understanding of the Walraven Clamp’s environmental footprint throughout its full life cycle.Representativeness: The aggregation was done by choosing the reference product as Walraven Bifix® 300 Clamp Stainless M8 25-28mm. The remaining products which are aggregated in the same group by following the 20% allocation and worst case scenario as per the EN 15804+A2 & NMD Bepalingsmethode v1.2 (2025) are listed below: Walraven 2S Clamp set zinc plated M8/10 75-81mm Walraven Bifix® 300 Clamp Stainless M10 62-68mm Walraven Nail-in Clamp pre-galvanized ST P80 1/2" Walraven Bifix® 300 Clamp Stainless M8 31-35mm Walraven Nail-in Clamp pre-galvanized ST P80 3/4" Walraven Bifix® 300 Clamp Stainless M8 25-28mm Walraven Bifix® 300 Clamp Stainless M8 20-22mm Walraven Bifix® 300 Clamp Stainless M8 54-60mm Walraven Pipe Saddle hot dip galvanized 33.7mm 1" Walraven Bifix® 300 Clamp Stainless M8 15-19mm Walraven Pipe Saddle hot dip galvanized 26.9mm 3/4" Walraven Pipe Saddle hot dip galvanized 21.5mm 1/2"Calculation rules: Data Quality Data flows were modelled to reflect actual production processes as accurately as possible. The assessment prioritizes primary data collected directly from Walraven’s Czech Republic production facility. In cases where primary data was unavailable, representative background datasets were selected from validated sources, including the Dutch Nationale Milieudatabase v3.8, based on Ecoinvent 3.6. For Module A1, material composition data was provided by the manufacturer. Module A2 includes actual transport distances for all raw materials to the production site. Module A3 incorporates measured energy consumption, waste generation, and emissions for the 2022 production year. All secondary data and background processes comply with recognized LCA standards. Data Collection Period The dataset represents the production processes carried out in 2023/2024. Methodology and Reproducibility The LCA was conducted in accordance with EN15804+A2:2019, ISO 14040, ISO 14044, ISO 14025, and the NMD Bepalingsmethode v1.2 (2025). All modelling and environmental impact calculations were performed using Ecochain Helix software (version 4.3.1). The study covers life cycle modules A1–A3 (raw material supply, transport, and manufacturing), A4–A5 (transport to site and installation), C1–C4 (end-of-life processing), and D (benefits from recycling and energy recovery). Inventory and Allocation System boundaries and allocation follow the modular approach outlined in EN15804 and NMD Bepalingsmethode v1.2 (2025). All relevant material and energy flows, emissions, and waste streams were included. Mass-based allocation was applied to distribute shared site-level inputs, such as electricity and auxiliary materials, across individual products. No secondary materials were used during production, and cut-off criteria were applied to ensure that any excluded flows account for less than 5% of total mass or energy per module. Data Sources Primary data was collected from Walraven’s Czech facility, covering material composition, energy consumption, and transport distances. Where primary data was incomplete or unavailable, verified secondary datasets from Ecoinvent 3.6 and the Nationale Milieudatabase v3.8 were used, including references for steel, zinc coating, and transport emissions. Upstream and downstream processes such as coating, shipping, and waste treatment were also modeled using these verified datasets to ensure comprehensive and reliable results.Scenarios and additional technical information Modules A1 to A3 cover the life cycle stages beginning with raw material acquisition and upstream processes. Module A1 models the sourcing and processing of all raw and auxiliary materials used in manufacturing the Walraven Bifix® 300 Clamp Stainless M8 25-28mm. The primary materials in this clamp include various grades of stainless steel and zinc coating. The material inventory is based on the 2023/2024 production year, using bills of materials and environmental data from the Nationale Milieudatabase (NMD) v3.8 and Ecoinvent v3.6. Where necessary, generic datasets were used. Steel content is modeled with 57% primary and 43% secondary (recycled) composition, aligning with standard market assumptions in the Dutch LCA framework. Module A2 addresses the inbound transport of materials to the Walraven production site in the Czech Republic. Transport was modeled using EN 15804+A2 guidelines with a 50% load factor assumption (fully loaded inbound, empty outbound). Emissions were calculated using NMD v3.8 and Ecoinvent v3.6 references for unspecified freight lorries (0001-tra&Transport, vrachtwagen). Individual distances per material were recorded but are generalized in the model. Module A3 evaluates the manufacturing phase. This includes electricity and auxiliary material use, packaging, and waste generation based on 2023/2024 operational data. Inputs consist of grid electricity (for both clamp production and zinc treatment), fuels, and lubricating oil. Packaging and steel production waste (scrap) are included, with recycled fractions modeled based on proportional allocation. Capital goods are excluded in accordance with the cutoff rule under EN 15804+A2, as their contribution to total environmental impact is less than 5%. Module A4 covers distribution of the finished clamp from the production site to the customer. A standardized distance of 150 km was assumed in accordance with the Bepalingsmethode v1.2, using a 50% truck load factor. Transport emissions were modeled with unspecified lorry datasets from NMD v3.8 / Ecoinvent v3.6. Module A5 includes installation activities and associated losses. Installation is performed manually and requires no additional energy. A 5% material loss is assumed due to handling inefficiencies. Installation waste is categorized and routed to waste processing: steel waste is transported 100 km to landfill or recycling, and rubber or plastic packaging (if present) is transported 100 km to AVI incineration. These assumptions follow default values in the Bepalingsmethode v1.2 (2025). End-of-Life Scenario Fixed Values used:Declaration of SVHC: No substances that are listed in the latest “Candidate List of Substances of Very High Concern for authorisation” are included in the product that exceeds the limit for registrationMore information: https://www.walraven.com/int/products/standard-clamps/
Copyright Yes
Owner of data set
Quantitative reference
Reference flow(s)
Biogenic carbon content
  • Carbon content (biogenic): 0.0 kg
  • Carbon content (biogenic) - packaging: 0.0 kg
Time representativeness
Data set valid until 2030
Time representativeness description valid from (Thursday 15 May 2025) through (Wednesday 15 May 2030)
Technological representativeness
Technology description including background system Product Description The Walraven Bifix® 300 Clamp Stainless M8 (25–28 mm) is a high-quality, corrosion-resistant two-screw pipe clamp manufactured from AISI 316L (1.4404) stainless steel. Designed for reliable mechanical support, it provides excellent durability in indoor and semi-sheltered environments. The clamp is lightweight, pre-assembled, and suitable for small- to medium-diameter pipe installations. Manufacturing Location The clamp is produced at Walraven’s certified manufacturing facility in the Horka, Czech Republic, adhering to strict environmental and quality management standards. Manufacturing Process Overview The clamp body is formed from high-grade stainless steel AISI 316L (1.4404), ensuring inherent corrosion resistance and mechanical strength. Assembly involves a quick-locking system with stainless steel screws. No additional coatings are required due to the material’s durability. The clamp is delivered fully assembled, facilitating fast and safe on-site installation. Electricity usage references: Reference: 0569-pro & Elektriciteit, Nederlandse mix, bij consument, per kWh (73% grijs, 27% hernieuwbaar), Database: Ecoinvent v3.6 (Cut-off, NMD), GWP : 0.389 kg CO2eq/kWh Reference: market for electricity, low voltage | electricity, low voltage | Czech Republic, Database: Ecoinvent v3.6 (Cut-off, NMD), GWP : 0.936 kg CO2-eq/kWh Environmental Performance The product demonstrates excellent corrosion resistance, with optimized stainless steel use for material efficiency. The life cycle modeling was conducted using Ecochain Helix software and Ecoinvent v3.6 data. The clamp has a long reference service life of 50 years and is free of substances of very high concern (SVHCs). Installation and Use Phase The pre-assembled design enables rapid installation, making it suitable for various mechanical and utility pipe support applications. The product is VOC-free and safe for use in clean indoor environments. The necessary internal transport of Czech Republic to Netherlands has been accounted in the production process of A1-A3. End-of-Life Considerations At the end of its service life, the clamp can be manually disassembled, and all stainless steel components are recyclable. Module D benefits are accounted for, including positive environmental credits from stainless steel recycling. Packaging and Transport The clamp is packaged in recyclable, eco-friendly cardboard and transported using Euro 5/6 standard trucks. Packaging is designed for low-volume storage and stacking efficiency. The product meets EN 15804 + A2 and ISO 14025 standards for environmental product declarations. The stainless steel material ensures long-term durability and corrosion resistance, with a reference service life of up to 50 years in indoor or semi-sheltered installations.

Indicators of life cycle

IndicatorDirectionUnit Raw material supply
A1
Production
A1-A3
Transport
A2
Manufacturing
A3
Transport
A4
Installation
A5
De-construction
C1
Transport
C2
Waste processing
C3
Disposal
C4
Recycling Potential
D
Input
  • 0.2505
  • 0.9388
  • 0.001569
  • 0.6868
  • 0.0001414
  • 0.04744
  • 0
  • 0.0002357
  • 0.0037
  • 0.000002354
  • 0.005945
Input
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
Input
  • 0.2505
  • 0.9388
  • 0.001569
  • 0.6868
  • 0.0001414
  • 0.04744
  • 0
  • 0.0002357
  • 0.0037
  • 0.000002354
  • 0.005945
Input
  • 2.318
  • 9.061
  • 0.1331
  • 6.609
  • 0.01199
  • 0.4453
  • 0
  • 0.01999
  • 0.025
  • 0.0003093
  • -0.2124
Input
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
Input
  • 2.318
  • 9.061
  • 0.1331
  • 6.609
  • 0.01199
  • 0.4453
  • 0
  • 0.01999
  • 0.025
  • 0.0003093
  • -0.2124
Input
  • 0.01701
  • 0.01709
  • 0
  • 0.00007721
  • 0
  • 0.00000386
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
Input
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
Input
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
Input
  • 0.003318
  • 0.01471
  • 0.00001527
  • 0.01138
  • 0.000001376
  • 0.0007309
  • 0
  • 0.000002293
  • 0.00001119
  • 3.11E-7
  • -0.0001059
Output
  • 0.0002287
  • 0.0002213
  • 3.176E-7
  • -0.000007737
  • 2.863E-8
  • 0.00001089
  • 0
  • 4.771E-8
  • 7.115E-8
  • 4.351E-10
  • -0.000003513
Output
  • 0.04394
  • 0.08556
  • 0.007951
  • 0.03367
  • 0.0007166
  • 0.004363
  • 0
  • 0.001194
  • 0.0006893
  • 0.001977
  • -0.002868
Output
  • 0.000008839
  • 0.00003856
  • 8.231E-7
  • 0.0000289
  • 0.9388
  • 0.000001953
  • 0
  • 1.236E-7
  • 1.397E-7
  • 1.912E-9
  • 1.734E-7
Output
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
Output
  • 0
  • 0.0002639
  • 0
  • 0.0002639
  • 0
  • 0.00001319
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0.03758
  • 0
  • 0
Output
  • 0
  • 0.00001603
  • 0
  • 0.00001603
  • 0
  • 8.015E-7
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
Output
  • 0
  • 0.0009225
  • 0
  • 0.0009225
  • 0
  • 0.00004613
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
Output
  • 0
  • 0.0005365
  • 0
  • 0.0005365
  • 0
  • 0.00002683
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0

IndicatorUnit Raw material supply
A1
Production
A1-A3
Transport
A2
Manufacturing
A3
Transport
A4
Installation
A5
Use
B1
De-construction
C1
Transport
C2
Waste processing
C3
Disposal
C4
Recycling Potential
D
  • 2.181
  • 8.437
  • 0.1253
  • 6.131
  • 0.0113
  • 0.4143
No records found.
  • 0
  • 0.01883
  • 0.02359
  • 0.0002912
  • -0.2046
  • 2.357
  • 8.155
  • 0.126
  • 5.672
  • 0.01135
  • 0.3929
No records found.
  • 0
  • 0.01892
  • 0.023
  • 0.0002895
  • -0.3508
  • 0.001762
  • 0.001767
  • 2.106E-7
  • 0.000004327
  • 1.898E-8
  • 0.00008834
No records found.
  • 0
  • 3.163E-8
  • 9.444E-8
  • 9.532E-11
  • -1.979E-8
  • 0.001762
  • 0.001767
  • 2.106E-7
  • 0.000004327
  • 1.898E-8
  • 0.00008834
No records found.
  • 0
  • 3.163E-8
  • 9.444E-8
  • 9.532E-11
  • -1.979E-8
  • 0.0009456
  • 0.002403
  • 0.00003623
  • 0.001421
  • 0.000003266
  • 0.0001168
No records found.
  • 0
  • 0.000005443
  • 0.00001653
  • 7.476E-8
  • -0.00009245
  • 0.001166
  • 0.002912
  • 0.0000482
  • 0.001697
  • 0.000004344
  • 0.0001415
No records found.
  • 0
  • 0.00000724
  • 0.00002064
  • 9.888E-8
  • -0.0001131
  • 1.194E-8
  • 3.715E-8
  • 1.462E-9
  • 2.375E-8
  • 1.318E-10
  • 1.838E-9
No records found.
  • 0
  • 2.196E-10
  • 2.104E-10
  • 3.405E-12
  • -9.521E-10
  • 1.21E-8
  • 3.248E-8
  • 1.834E-9
  • 1.855E-8
  • 1.653E-10
  • 1.623E-9
No records found.
  • 0
  • 2.755E-10
  • 2.444E-10
  • 4.289E-12
  • -7.153E-10
  • 0.04157
  • 0.07195
  • 0.0009933
  • 0.02939
  • 0.00008952
  • 0.003458
No records found.
  • 0
  • 0.0001492
  • 0.0003756
  • 0.000001443
  • -0.003409
  • 0.0001372
  • 0.0004474
  • 0.000007119
  • 0.0003031
  • 6.416E-7
  • 0.00002201
No records found.
  • 0
  • 0.000001069
  • 0.00000211
  • 1.442E-8
  • -0.00001098
  • 0.00001378
  • 0.00008394
  • 8.383E-8
  • 0.00007008
  • 7.556E-9
  • 0.000004152
  • 0.000004152
  • 0
  • 1.259E-8
  • 1.159E-7
  • 1.167E-10
  • -0.000001034
  • 0.0002464
  • 0.0005023
  • 0.00001698
  • 0.000239
  • 0.000001531
  • 0.0000245
No records found.
  • 0
  • 0.000002551
  • 0.000004549
  • 3.401E-8
  • -0.00002097
  • 0.00273
  • 0.005825
  • 0.0001873
  • 0.002908
  • 0.00001688
  • 0.0002839
No records found.
  • 0
  • 0.00002813
  • 0.0000528
  • 3.749E-7
  • -0.0002447
  • 0.0001378
  • 0.0000214
  • 0.000004973
  • -0.0001214
  • 4.482E-7
  • -0.000001765
No records found.
  • 0
  • 7.469E-7
  • 0.000001483
  • 1.089E-8
  • -0.0000594
  • 0.0008494
  • 0.001281
  • 0.00005346
  • 0.0003777
  • 0.000004818
  • 0.00005707
No records found.
  • 0
  • 0.00000803
  • 0.00001442
  • 1.089E-7
  • -0.0001665
  • 0.005659
  • 0.007782
  • 0.0001013
  • 0.002022
  • 0.000009129
  • 0.0004028
No records found.
  • 0
  • 0.00001522
  • 0.00003799
  • 1.097E-7
  • 0.0002119
  • 0.1616
  • 0.5909
  • 0.008241
  • 0.4211
  • 0.0007427
  • 0.02836
No records found.
  • 0
  • 0.001238
  • 0.001681
  • 0.00001022
  • -0.02734
  • 0.0007814
  • 0.001458
  • 0.0000031
  • 0.0006733
  • 2.794E-7
  • 0.00007527
No records found.
  • 0
  • 4.657E-7
  • -0.001534
  • 6.09E-9
  • 0
  • 0.1649
  • 0.59
  • 0.008311
  • 0.4168
  • 0.000749
  • 0.02822
No records found.
  • 0
  • 0.001248
  • 0.001701
  • 0.00001042
  • -0.02931
  • 0.0004052
  • 0.0008436
  • 0.000003045
  • 0.0004353
  • 2.745E-7
  • 0.00004339
No records found.
  • 0
  • 4.574E-7
  • 0.000001905
  • 2.904E-9
  • 0.00002164
  • 0.1661
  • 0.5923
  • 0.008317
  • 0.4179
  • 0.0007495
  • 0.02834
No records found.
  • 0
  • 0.001249
  • 0.0001695
  • 0.00001042
  • -0.02929
  • 0.2937
  • 0.2807
  • 0.00347
  • -0.01647
  • 0.0003127
  • 0.01333
No records found.
  • 0
  • 0.0005212
  • 0.002041
  • 0.000004621
  • -0.01708
  • 10.21
  • 20.83
  • 0.3644
  • 10.26
  • 0.03284
  • 1.063
No records found.
  • 0
  • 0.05473
  • 0.1652
  • 0.0003921
  • 0.1771
  • 0.001889
  • 0.003934
  • 0.00001226
  • 0.002033
  • 0.000001105
  • 0.0002685
No records found.
  • 0
  • 0.000001842
  • 0.000006353
  • 1.161E-8
  • 0.001428
  • 0.1088
  • 0.2003
  • 0.0004484
  • 0.09105
  • 0.00004041
  • 0.009754
No records found.
  • 0
  • 0.00006735
  • 0.0002375
  • 0.00001305
  • -0.005587

IndicatorUnit Raw material supply
A1
Production
A1-A3
Transport
A2
Manufacturing
A3
Transport
A4
Installation
A5
Use
B1
De-construction
C1
Transport
C2
Waste processing
C3
Disposal
C4
Recycling Potential
D
1This impact category deals mainly with the eventual impact of low dose ionizing radiation on human health of the nuclear fuel cycle. It does not consider effects due to possible nuclear accidents, occupational exposure nor due to radioactive waste disposal in underground facilities. Potential ionizing radiation from the soil, from radon and from some construction materials is also not measured by this indicator.
2The results of this environmental impact indicator shall be used with care as the uncertainties on these results are high or as there is limited experiences with the indicator.
Potential Comparative Toxic Unit for ecosystems (ETP-fw) 2
  • 19.32
  • 19.75
  • 0.1118
  • 0.317
  • 0.01007
  • 0.945
No records found.
  • 0
  • 0.01679
  • 0.1014
  • 0.0001889
  • -0.9822
Potential Comparative Toxic Unit for humans - cancer effects (HTP-c) 2
  • 1.067E-9
  • 4.87E-10
  • 3.626E-12
  • -5.832E-10
  • 4.87E-10
  • 2.433E-11
No records found.
  • 0
  • 5.447E-13
  • 2.473E-12
  • 4.367E-15
  • -3.748E-12
Potential Comparative Toxic Unit for humans - non-cancer effects (HTP-nc) 2
  • 1.929E-8
  • 1.957E-8
  • 1.222E-10
  • 1.616E-10
  • 1.102E-11
  • 1.27E-9
No records found.
  • 0
  • 1.836E-11
  • 1.175E-10
  • 1.343E-13
  • 5.678E-9
Potential Human exposure efficiency relative to U235 (IRP) 1
  • 0.0112
  • 0.04627
  • 0.0005252
  • 0.03455
  • 0.00004733
  • 0.002351
No records found.
  • 0
  • 0.00007888
  • 0.0001175
  • 0.000001195
  • 0.0005008
Potential incidence of disease due to PM emissions (PM) 2
  • 1.035E-8
  • 4.373E-9
  • 7.463E-10
  • -6.728E-9
  • 6.726E-11
  • 1.56E-10
No records found.
  • 0
  • 1.121E-10
  • 2.59E-10
  • 1.918E-12
  • -1.694E-9
Potential Soil quality index (SQP) 2
  • 0.8756
  • 2.655
  • 0.1087
  • 1.671
  • 0.009797
  • 0.1342
No records found.
  • 0
  • 0.01633
  • 0.04747
  • 0.0006107
  • -0.04524